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European Securities and Markets Authority report: Tokenized stocks may lead to liquidity fragmentation

According to Ledger Insights, the European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA) recently published the "Trends, Risks, and Vulnerabilities Report for the First Half of 2026," in which digital assets and prediction markets occupy three chapters. Regarding crypto assets, the report warns that the increasing ties between cryptocurrencies and the traditional financial sector pose risks. Concerning tokenization, the report points out that issuing different tokenized versions of the same stock may lead to fragmented liquidity.As for prediction markets, the report believes that prediction markets have not yet seen significant development in Europe. This is because major platforms do not yet hold EU licenses, and in most cases, they need to obtain licenses. The European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA) outlines some potential advantages of tokenization, including increased efficiency, expanded investor access, programmability, and atomic settlement. On the other hand, ESMA also questions how much these advantages are actually realized within these encapsulated structures.Since the ownership of the underlying stocks is off-chain, there is no single data source on-chain, and self-custody can only be achieved indirectly through these structures. Tokenization structures also introduce additional layers of intermediaries, leading to complexity and risk. The settlement advantages are also difficult to realize. Even if token transfers occur on-chain, the cash portion of the transaction is usually settled separately, whether through bank payments or other channels. This means that for certain transactions, the promised atomic settlement (i.e., simultaneous delivery of securities and cash) has not yet been achieved.

first_img OKX launched perpetual contracts for OpenAI and Anthropic's Pre-IPO in Europe

Cryptocurrency exchange OKX announced the launch of Pre-IPO perpetual contracts related to OpenAI and Anthropic in Europe. Eligible traders can go long or short on the valuations of the two AI companies with up to 10 times leverage, but will not receive actual shares of the two companies. This product bets on the valuation changes of the two companies before their IPOs, providing a new speculative avenue for retail investors who find it difficult to directly buy shares of private companies.OKX is not the first platform to launch such products. Hyperliquid has offered markets related to OpenAI and Anthropic through HIP-3, and Binance also provides Pre-IPO perpetual contracts for the two companies. OKX stated that such products are not substitutes for the shares themselves but can meet the ongoing market demand for exposure to large tech companies that have not been publicly listed for a long time.Meanwhile, OKX has also launched 100 tokenized stocks and ETFs, including Nvidia, Alphabet, Palantir, as well as SPY and QQQ, allowing European traders to trade traditional markets around the clock. These tokens track the prices of the underlying securities but do not grant holders actual shares or voting rights, and some tokens can be withdrawn to self-custody wallets. OKX Europe CEO Erald Ghoos stated that the demand for its derivatives business continues to grow, with trading volume for X-Perps in the European market quadrupling since the transition period of MiCA ended in July.

first_img Institutions like Nasdaq have written to the European Union, requesting the cancellation or increase of the tokenization cap

According to CoinDesk, European financial and cryptocurrency industry organizations have written to the EU Council and the European Parliament, urging lawmakers to remove the cap on the scale of tokenized securities platforms or set it at least at €1.5 trillion (approximately $1.74 trillion), arguing that the €100 billion cap proposed by the European Commission will hinder industry development. Signatories include the French Digital Asset Association Adan, Crypto Council for Innovation, the European Ethereum Institute, as well as companies like Nasdaq and Boerse Stuttgart.The EU's distributed ledger pilot regime allows operators to test the trading and settlement of tokenized stocks, bonds, and investment funds while exempting some existing financial rules. After observing "moderate" participation, the European Commission proposed to expand the pilot framework and raise the current €6 billion cap to €100 billion. Adan stated that considering the development of the global market, this increase is still insufficient, and their preferred option is to completely remove the cap or at least set it to €1.5 trillion, which is 15 times the proposed cap.The joint letter pointed out that some existing European projects have reached a scale of €350 billion and plan to grow further, but did not disclose specific projects or calculation methods. The letter also emphasized that the relevant threshold targets the market capitalization of admitted securities rather than trading volume and opposed giving central securities depositories a significantly higher differentiated cap than other blockchain market operators, arguing that this would be detrimental to emerging service providers.The alliance also compared the restrictive measures in Europe with an unnamed mainstream settlement platform in the United States, which can tokenize assets like stocks without a trading volume cap; if the cap is retained, the alliance hopes the Commission can flexibly raise it as the market grows, without presetting a maximum limit.

Data: The euro stablecoin added 156 million USD this year, while the supply of US dollar stablecoins has nearly stagnated

According to Cryptopolitan, the latest data from Token Terminal shows that the supply of euro stablecoins reached $848.1 million on September 7, marking an annual growth of approximately 22.6%, with a net increase of about $156 million. In the same period, US dollar stablecoins only saw a net increase of about $159 million, but their base was as high as $298.5 billion, which is 350 times the market size of euro stablecoins.In terms of market concentration, EURC and EURCV together account for 82% of the euro stablecoin supply, with EURCV issued by SG-Forge, a digital asset subsidiary of Société Générale, holding a MiCA-compliant license and accounting for 19.6%. It is the first stablecoin led by a licensed European bank subsidiary.In terms of on-chain distribution, Ethereum absorbed about $125 million of the incremental supply this year, achieving a market share of 69.4%; Solana added about $30 million, with a market share of 14.7%; together, they contributed almost all of the annual increment. Base, on the other hand, saw a decline, dropping from $73.9 million to $58.7 million. Analysis indicates that the growth of euro stablecoins is primarily driven by supply from issuers rather than demand from users, and liquidity for euro trading pairs in DeFi lending pools and perpetual contracts remains weak, with the supply-demand gap yet to be bridged.
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