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FATF: DeFi with identifiable controllers should be regulated as virtual asset service providers

The Financial Action Task Force (FATF) stated in a report released on Tuesday that if identifiable individuals retain "control or sufficient influence" in DeFi arrangements, its rules apply, regardless of how decentralized the project claims to be.FATF noted that many DeFi projects still frequently exhibit centralized elements in practice, including the concentration of governance tokens, management authority, upgrade control, and fees and rewards flowing to insiders. The report categorizes DeFi into three types: those with identifiable controllers, those that are actually centralized but where operators are hidden, and those that are truly leaderless, with only the last category not subject to its standards.The report stated that nearly 93% of jurisdictions responding to the survey have not applied the relevant standards to any qualifying DeFi arrangements, with only 26 out of 142 jurisdictions having assessed risks, 4 having established licensing rules, and only 2 having registered or licensed relevant platforms. FATF requires countries to mandate or encourage DeFi projects to embed anti-money laundering controls into smart contracts or interfaces; for platforms that refuse to cooperate, jurisdictions may prohibit them from operating locally as a last resort. The report also stated that the total value locked in DeFi reached $86.6 billion this year, an increase of approximately 85% compared to 2023.

The FATF has released the seventh update report on the implementation of virtual asset standards, calling for the closure of regulatory gaps

According to the latest report released by the Financial Action Task Force (FATF), FATF conducted the seventh special assessment of the implementation of Recommendation 15 (R.15) across global jurisdictions. The report indicates that since the last update in 2025, countries have continued to advance in the regulation of virtual assets (VA) and virtual asset service providers (VASP), including conducting risk assessments, improving licensing and registration frameworks, implementing travel rules, and strengthening law enforcement actions.However, the report also points out that significant gaps still exist, mainly reflected in: the difficulty in effectively translating risk assessment results into mitigation measures, insufficient implementation of licensing and registration frameworks, challenges in identifying VASP activity subjects, and inadequate effectiveness of risk-based supervision and law enforcement. In terms of emerging risks, the report focuses on the following areas: the exacerbation of the "industrialization" trend of organized crime groups using virtual assets to commit fraud, the rising risk of stablecoin abuse, risks associated with non-custodial wallet peer-to-peer (P2P) transactions, offshore VASPs operating outside of regulation, and ongoing challenges in the DeFi sector. FATF calls for the public and private sectors to jointly strengthen the implementation of R.15, enhance risk mitigation capabilities, and deepen domestic, international, and public-private cooperation mechanisms.

FATF: Peer-to-peer transfers of stablecoins have become a major money laundering risk, recommending issuers to introduce freezing and blacklisting mechanisms

The global anti-money laundering organization Financial Action Task Force (FATF) pointed out in its latest report that stablecoin peer-to-peer (P2P) transfers have become a key source of money laundering risk in the crypto ecosystem, especially when users trade directly through unmanaged wallets, making it more difficult to track and regulate related activities due to the lack of regulated intermediaries.FATF stated that stablecoins have now become the most commonly used virtual assets in illegal crypto transactions. According to Chainalysis data, approximately 84% of the $154 billion in illegal crypto transactions in 2025 involved stablecoins. The report recommends that jurisdictions require stablecoin issuers to have the technical capability to freeze, destroy, or blacklist assets involving suspicious addresses when necessary, and to embed compliance features such as allow-lists and deny-lists in smart contracts.FATF noted that compared to the highly volatile Bitcoin and Ethereum, stablecoins like Tether (USDT) and USD Coin (USDC) are increasingly being used by criminal networks for fund transfers and money laundering activities due to their price stability, high liquidity, and ease of cross-border transfer. Additionally, the report mentioned that North Korean hacker groups and entities linked to Iran are using stablecoins to launder proceeds from cybercrime and are converting funds into fiat currency through over-the-counter traders or peer-to-peer platforms.FATF calls for strengthened regulation of stablecoin issuers and encourages the broader adoption of blockchain analysis tools and anti-money laundering measures such as the "travel rule" within the crypto industry.
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