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According to Cryptopolitan, over 100 researchers, using AI coding agents, have reduced the quantum attack resource score for the Bitcoin secp256k1 elliptic curve point addition subroutine by 86.1% (from 10.75 billion to 1.496 billion). This optimization only targets a single step in Shor's algorithm and does not break any private keys or transfer funds; a complete attack still requires fault-tolerant quantum hardware that does not yet exist. However, each efficiency improvement compresses the time window for quantum migration after blockchain completion.According to Glassnode data, approximately 6.04 million BTC (30.2% of the circulating supply) face potential quantum risks due to exposed public keys on-chain. Ethereum plans to achieve full quantum resistance by December 2029, while the Bitcoin community faces greater challenges at the governance level, including how to handle approximately 1.7 million suspected dormant P2PK address coins held by Satoshi, which remains unresolved.

Castle Labs released a research report on September 10, comparing the execution costs of the swaps products launched by Variational with traditional perpetual contracts. The report shows that for most trading volumes, Variational is currently the lowest-cost venue among listed assets, with the cost of a $1 million trade in the US100 market being only $47.The report points out that the trading volume of RWA perpetual contracts has grown from less than $1 billion in October 2025 to over $12 billion in August 2026, currently accounting for about 12% to 13% of on-chain perpetual contract trading volume, with a peak in July reaching 20%. As of the report's release, the total open interest of RWA perpetual contracts was $4.9 billion, with TradeXYZ and Variational accounting for nearly 90%.Variational's swaps utilize RFQ execution and the proprietary liquidity provider Omni, with liquidity coming directly from traditional financial partners, and the fees being a holding cost charged once at the daily close, rather than relying on market supply and demand funding rates. Since the launch of the US100, US500, XAU, XAG, and USOIL markets at the beginning of the month, a total trading volume of $3.8 billion has been accumulated, with a peak open interest of $245 million. Currently, swaps have contributed over 50% of Variational's daily trading volume and more than $220 million in open interest.

According to CoinDesk, the latest paper released by researchers from institutions such as Theta Labs, the Ethereum Foundation, and StarkWare shows that the resources required for potential quantum attacks on Bitcoin (BTC) and Ethereum (ETH) have decreased by more than 50% compared to the estimates previously published by Google's quantum artificial intelligence team.The quantum circuit design proposed in the study requires only about 1,151 logical qubits and uses approximately 1.3 million Toffoli gate operations to complete the relevant calculations, with a comprehensive score of about 1.5 billion, lower than the approximately 3 billion level previously published by Google.The research primarily optimized the point addition calculation in Shor's algorithm, which theoretically can use sufficiently powerful quantum computers to derive private keys from public keys. Jieyi Long, one of the main authors of the paper and CTO of Theta Labs, stated that quantum attacks are not imminent at the moment, but transitioning to quantum resistance will take years, and remediation cannot be done after an attack occurs.

This week's upcoming release of the U.S. Producer Price Index (PPI) has become a key point for judging whether inflation is re-accelerating. Bitget CFD Chief Analyst Lewis Huang pointed out in a live broadcast that, against the backdrop of 162,000 new non-farm jobs and an unemployment rate holding steady at 4.1%, the demand side in the U.S. remains resilient. If core PPI and service prices continue to stay high, companies may pass costs onto consumers, driving up subsequent CPI and prompting the market to reprice the Federal Reserve's policy path of "maintaining high interest rates for a longer period."Lewis Huang further analyzed two scenarios: if PPI exceeds expectations but CPI remains moderate, it indicates that companies lack pricing power and can only compress profit margins to absorb costs; if both PPI and CPI exceed expectations, it signifies that the inflation transmission chain has reopened, potentially serving as a catalyst for a stronger dollar and U.S. Treasury yields. From a trading perspective, if PPI exceeds expectations and drives the dollar up, gold and high-valuation tech indices like the Nasdaq 100 may come under pressure; conversely, if PPI falls short of expectations and the dollar retreats, it would support a rebound in gold and growth stock indices.Lewis Huang reminded traders that they should not only focus on the first wave of market movements following the data release but also observe whether PPI is confirmed by CPI, the dollar, and U.S. Treasury yields. If the rise in PPI is merely a short-term cost shock, the market impact will be limited; if costs continue to be transmitted to consumers, the market narrative may shift back to "recurring inflation and the continuation of high interest rates."

According to the report "Explosive Growth of Stock Derivatives in 2026: The Landscape of Cryptocurrency Exchanges and Key Trends" released by RootData, the stock derivatives sector has transitioned from "marginal experimentation" to the "explosive growth" phase, with a cumulative trading volume of approximately $17.5 trillion from January to August.In terms of cumulative transaction volume, the concentration effect among the top exchanges remains significant. Among the four exchanges, Binance ranks first with $853.58 billion and a 61.3% market share; Bitget follows in second place with $270.85 billion and a 19.5% market share; OKX comes in third with $234.39 billion and a 16.8% market share; Bybit ranks fourth with $33.41 billion and a 2.4% market share.Regarding liquidity, in the ±2% weighted order book depth indicator, Binance and Bitget together account for over 70% of the stock derivatives order book liquidity. Among them, Binance has an average daily order book depth of approximately $10.1 million, followed closely by Bitget at $4.82 million, with OKX and Bybit at $3.87 million and $1.16 million, respectively.In terms of trading costs, in the recent comparison of weighted spreads for more than a dozen representative popular assets, Bitget ranks first with 0.0144%, followed closely by Binance at 0.0145%, with both essentially at the same level; OKX is at 0.0154%, and Bybit is at 0.0237%.

Vitalik posted on the X platform, expressing the hope to include the recursive STARK memory pool proposal EIP-8288 in the Ethereum I-star upgrade, stating that it can be seen as the next step after Frames.This proposal allows quantum-safe signature data to be placed off-chain, reducing the cost of signatures; the fuel cost for quantum-safe privacy transactions is also expected to drop from about 10 million to tens of thousands. The proposal relies on frames and recursive STARK aggregated transaction dependencies, with nodes sending a STARK of about 100 to 300KB each time period; the on-chain overhead is one STARK and 96 bytes for each statement to be proven.

According to The Block, the Ink Foundation, an Ethereum L2 network under Kraken, has jointly established the Charter Foundation with crypto market maker GSR, law firms Carey Olsen, Renno & Co, Cooley, Fenwick, and auditing firms ChainSecurity, Zellic, among others. The aim is to provide a standardized shared legal framework for crypto projects to reduce token issuance costs. A spokesperson for the Ink Foundation stated that the organization is unrelated to Kraken.Currently, crypto projects typically need to independently establish a "three-entity structure" that includes a research and development entity (Labs), a Cayman Islands foundation, and a British Virgin Islands (BVI) subsidiary for issuance. The setup and independent director fees before the Token Generation Event (TGE) often exceed $100,000.The Charter Foundation aims to reduce the initial legal framework costs for token issuance by more than half by establishing a dedicated Cayman Islands exempt company as the launch structure for each project, with governance involving professional offshore compliance experts. Once the token is successfully issued, the Cayman entity will convert into an independent foundation and separate from Charter, ensuring the project's long-term independence.

According to statistics from The Information, Anthropic has signed at least 14.8GW of computing power in the past 11 months, which can be gradually utilized in the coming years. Based on currently public contracts, the potential total cost could reach up to $517 billion, with most expenditures occurring over the next decade. In addition to the 1-2GW already secured before October last year, the total computing power signed by Anthropic is approximately 16GW.This round of expansion is primarily driven by the demand for Claude. This year, the growth of Claude Code and Cowork has exceeded Anthropic's expectations, prompting the company to focus on acquiring computing power. The new agreement with Amazon provides up to 5GW, while Google and Broadcom offer another 5GW, and Microsoft and NVIDIA provide approximately 1GW. Anthropic has also rented all computing power from SpaceX's Colossus 1, acquiring over 220,000 NVIDIA GPUs, including H100, H200, and GB200.Anthropic has secured about 16GW, with many contracts extending beyond 2030. OpenAI has set a target for investors to reach 30GW by 2030, expecting to invest approximately $750 billion in computing power by that year. The $517 billion figure is the potential maximum cost estimated by The Information based on existing cloud services, chip, and data center contracts, with some computing power potentially being delayed or unused, and some contracts allowing for early cancellation.

Co-founder of Arbitrum Steven Goldfeder and co-founder of Solana Toly engaged in a debate over on-chain transaction fees, MEV protection, and the single sequencer model.Steven stated that one cannot simply compare surface-level fees. Arbitrum One and Robinhood Chain actively prevent front-running and most harmful MEV, while some chains that claim lower fees have higher MEV costs, including front-running against retail investors. He expressed a preference for paying clear fees upfront rather than incurring hidden losses from front-running, sandwich attacks, and other issues for the sake of lower fees.Toly countered that Arbitrum currently has a less favorable bid-ask spread and higher fees. The 10% cut taken from transaction fees alone translates to a cost in basis points that exceeds the loss rate from sandwich attacks, which he estimates to be about 10 times that of the latter, not accounting for the impact of the spread. He emphasized, "A single sequencer that pursues shareholder value maximization can never outperform permissionless competition."

Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin stated that the Poseidon hash function series, developed over many years, has generated significant practical value in Ethereum and other fields, and will continue to play a role in the coming years.Modern privacy protocols can quickly generate SNARK proofs on the client side, and Poseidon is one of the important reasons for this. Vitalik pointed out that today's general-purpose STARK has achieved extremely high performance, with the proof overhead for almost any batch computation reduced to three-digit levels, and it is expected to further drop to two-digit levels or even lower in the future, a development that has even exceeded expectations from the early 2020s.

On September 3 local time, Tesla held a Cybercab launch event in Austin, Texas, USA. This vehicle is a mass-produced model designed for autonomous driving scenarios, eliminating the steering wheel, pedals, and traditional rearview mirrors, and adopting a two-seat layout, with driving entirely controlled by Tesla's autonomous driving software. The Cybercab was unveiled as a concept car at the "We, Robot" event in October 2024, with the first mass-produced vehicle rolling off the line at the Texas Gigafactory in February this year, and mass production starting in April, taking about 18 months from concept to mass production.The vehicle relies on 8 high-definition cameras to perceive the environment and makes driving decisions through an end-to-end neural network, without relying on lidar and high-precision maps. According to Tesla's data, as of September 2026, the global fleet's cumulative assisted driving mileage has exceeded 22.5 billion kilometers. In terms of energy efficiency, it is expected to travel 9.8 kilometers per kilowatt-hour, with an energy consumption of about 10.2 kilowatt-hours per 100 kilometers. The curb weight is 1412 kilograms, equipped with a 47.6 kilowatt-hour battery pack and a 163-kilowatt motor, with a laboratory range of 673 kilometers. After scaling up ride-hailing operations, the cost per mile can be reduced to $0.2, equivalent to about 0.84 yuan per kilometer.The Cybercab will be showcased in multiple cities such as Beijing and Shanghai starting in mid-September. This exhibition does not involve the sale of the vehicle in China, nor does it represent that Tesla will conduct autonomous ride-hailing commercial operations domestically.

According to the Guangzhou Daily New Flower City report, a man in Guangzhou lent 1 virtual currency to a friend, agreeing to return it two days later. After the other party failed to return it on time, he was sued, with the plaintiff requesting the return of the virtual currency or compensation at market price.The Guangzhou Intermediate People's Court ruled that the relevant virtual currency lending agreement was invalid and did not support the return of the virtual currency or compensation at market price. Virtual currency belongs to online virtual property, and the borrower should still compensate the lender for property losses, ultimately ruling to compensate 199,600 yuan based on the cost price at which the lender purchased the virtual currency.

The SEMICON Taiwan 2026 Memory Summit took place on the 1st, where Nikhil Cherian, Senior Director of Supply Chain Infrastructure at Google Cloud under Alphabet, pointed out that with the popularity of multimodal and mixed expert architectures, AI computation has shifted from being power-limited to memory-limited, with high-performance memory accounting for over 75% of the cost of AI server hardware bill of materials. In the face of capacity, bandwidth, and power consumption bottlenecks, Google is breaking through the AI memory bottleneck through a dual-track strategy of hardware offloading for inference and training, and lossless quantization software algorithms.Google adopts an offloading strategy in hardware architecture, launching TPU 8i for low-latency inference and TPU 8t specialized for large-scale training. The TPU 8i is equipped with 288 GB of high-bandwidth memory, with SRAM capacity on the chip increased threefold to 384 MiB, placing dynamic conversation states and key-value caches on the chip itself to achieve zero chip-off latency. The TPU 8t forms a super-large computing cluster with 9600 chips, achieving a shared pool of HBM at a scale of 2 PB, eliminating chip-off data transfer bottlenecks, along with TPU Direct Storage technology.Google has developed the training-free TurboQuant lossless quantization algorithm, compressing the key-value cache of large models from 32 bits to 3 bits, reducing memory usage by six times without loss of accuracy, resulting in an eightfold acceleration in attention computation, and integrating old-generation DRAM technology to extend the lifecycle of components.

IMF President Georgieva stated at the Jackson Hole annual meeting that stablecoins and tokenization could enhance global financial liquidity, making large cross-border payments cheaper and faster; however, stablecoins could also exacerbate currency substitution, capital flows, and exchange rate volatility, while undermining capital controls and monetary sovereignty. Dollar stablecoins may expand the global network effect of the dollar and marginally reduce U.S. financing costs, but they cannot replace fiscal discipline.This year's Jackson Hole Global Central Bank Annual Meeting has revealed three clear institutional divergences: BIS leans towards "marginalization of stablecoins, centralization of tokenized deposits"; ECB leans towards "central bank currencies on-chain"; while IMF acknowledges the real efficiency of stablecoins in cross-border payments but emphasizes the risks of currency substitution and capital flows in emerging markets. This has more policy implications than simply "supporting or opposing stablecoins."

The core development team of Solana, Anza, announced that the Solana testnet has enabled the first phase of the SIMD-0437 proposal, and the account rent reduction mechanism has begun testing. This proposal includes a total of 5 functional gates, with only the first functional gate currently activated, and all adjustments have not yet been completed and deployed to the mainnet.Once all 5 phases are completed, the storage cost parameter lamports_per_byte for Solana will be reduced from 6960 to 696, resulting in an overall reduction of 90%. For example, in the case of token accounts, the deposit required to maintain an account in a rent-exempt state is expected to decrease from approximately $0.16 to $0.016, thereby lowering the costs of account creation and application deployment.

P Equity Research and SemiAnalysis researcher Nick Doyle and others discussed high bandwidth flash (HBF) in X Space. Nick stated that it is still too early to determine how much the cost premium of HBF relative to HBM can shrink; existing data mostly comes from vendor claims, such as Sandisk stating that the cost per bit is about one-eighth that of HBM. Yields, testing, and other factors will improve with scale, but structural costs such as TSV, stacking, and pSLC mode will always exist, and durability is a key unknown; if wear exceeds expectations, costs will rise.The application scenarios for HBF are narrow, targeting only AI inference, especially low batch and long context MoE models, and it is not a substitute for HBM. The actual bandwidth target is about 1.6 TB/s, which is at the HBM3E level, suitable for sequential reads to load model weights, more aligned with the capacity needs of a small number of GPUs in local or private enterprises, rather than ultra-large-scale bandwidth scenarios. Heat dissipation reliability has not yet been resolved; flash memory will degrade faster at high temperatures next to GPUs, and mitigation measures such as UCIe separation and daily refresh have yet to be validated.In terms of manufacturing, Sandisk/Kioxia has experience with 3D NAND, and SK Hynix complements HBM-style stacking capabilities, but mass production is still to be confirmed. Overall, storage is shifting towards a specialized layered market, with NAND shortages expected to continue until 2028, and HBF may further impact supply and demand.

According to Glassnode data, the spot price is around $79,000, with the first significant cost-intensive zone located between $83,000 and $86,000, where there is a supply of approximately 1.05 million BTC held by long-term holders. This portion of chips has basically not been sold during the entire round of corrections and will become a key area to test whether "patient supply will sell near the break-even point."In the lower range of $62,000 to $65,000, there are about 1.44 million BTC, of which nearly two-thirds are held by recent buyers. Glassnode states that recent buyers are providing support, while long-term chips constitute the supply wall above. The cost basis for short-term holders is around $70,000.

According to CryptoQuant analyst MorenoDV_, after Bitcoin rebounded above the new whale cost basis of around $70,000, new whales realized profits reaching a record $1.2 billion.If Bitcoin can maintain above the new whale cost basis of around $70,000, while realized profits return to normal, it will indicate that new demand is effectively absorbing market selling pressure.