lending

According to official news, Spark will shut down its lending protocol SparkLend on Gnosis Chain on September 14. After the service termination, all outstanding loans may face liquidation, and users are advised to repay their debts and withdraw collateral before the deadline.

According to on-chain analyst Yu Jin's monitoring, a whale holding 149,800 ETH worth $377 million through borrowing leverage sold 6,000 ETH four hours ago, exchanging it for 14.97 million USDe to repay a loan on Aave, with a selling price of $2,496.Currently, the whale holds 143,800 ETH worth $362 million and has a debt of $181 million on the lending platform, employing an overall leverage of 2 times.

The Compound Foundation announced the launch of the Institutional Market, a lending market exclusively for whitelisted institutions, supporting borrowing of ETH, wstETH, WBTC, and cbBTC with USDC, with a maximum loan-to-value ratio of 87%. On its first day of launch, the market was oversubscribed, with participation from institutions such as DeFi Saver, K3/Nexo, KPK, and Yearn. The entry threshold is a deposit of 100,000 USDC, and Compound has reserved 200,000 USDC as supplier incentives, which will be proportionally distributed to whitelisted participants within three months, with a supply cap of 20 million USD.This market is the first product to be launched from the 52 million USD plan approved by the Compound DAO in August, described by the foundation as the Institutional Comet built on v3.5, independent of the DAO-funded V4 roadmap. Compound stated that v3 has been running for four years without any incidents. Currently, Compound's total locked value is 1.53 billion USD, with 1.42 billion USD on the Ethereum chain, ranking sixth among lending protocols on DefiLlama, with a 23% growth over the past 30 days.The Compound Foundation was relaunched on August 17 with a budget of 52 million USD, with a team from Coinbase, Anchorage, NEAR, and Maple.

According to The Defiant, the decentralized lending protocol Morpho deployed its fixed-term, fixed-rate lending agreement Midnight to Ethereum on September 8, expanding the product from the Base network to Ethereum, allowing Ethereum users to access USDC loans collateralized by WBTC or cbBTC. Morpho co-founder Merlin Egalite stated that the Ethereum launch will start with the "USDC | cbBTC and USDC | WBTC markets" and will gradually expand.The core difference between Midnight and Morpho Blue lies in interest rate certainty. Blue uses open loans where interest rates fluctuate according to a formula; Midnight, on the other hand, trades credit units at market-priced rates with fixed terms, allowing borrowers to determine financing costs in advance, and lenders can lock in returns instead of bearing interest rate changes with each block. Midnight lenders purchase credit units at prices below the one-to-one redemption value at maturity.However, the largest potential source of funds for Midnight remains constrained. The Morpho Vaults, holding approximately $5 billion in deposits, can only allocate to the Morpho Blue market until the DAO enables the Midnight configuration. Morpho co-founder and CEO Paul Frambot stated that enabling the Vault configuration requires just one DAO transaction, but Vault activation is expected to be achieved in the fourth quarter. At launch, the total deposits in the Ethereum Midnight market were approximately $7.41 million, with outstanding loans of about $2.63 million.

HyperliquidNews posted on the X platform that the HyperCore manual lending feature has been launched on the mainnet.

Bitwise CEO posted on the X platform that GPUs are one of the most important commodities in the digital age. USD AI has created GPU asset-backed credit to serve medium-sized borrowers who have not been adequately serviced before, and will tokenize the related credit.Real-world credit is gradually moving on-chain, and Bitwise will provide access through PAPY.

According to The Block, APX Lending has launched a five-year revolving credit product backed by Bitcoin and Ethereum, with interest rates starting at 10.49%.The company stated that borrowers can withdraw and repay credit on demand, with no origination fees, early repayment fees, or liquidation fees.

According to the Guangzhou Daily New Flower City report, a man in Guangzhou lent 1 virtual currency to a friend, agreeing to return it two days later. After the other party failed to return it on time, he was sued, with the plaintiff requesting the return of the virtual currency or compensation at market price.The Guangzhou Intermediate People's Court ruled that the relevant virtual currency lending agreement was invalid and did not support the return of the virtual currency or compensation at market price. Virtual currency belongs to online virtual property, and the borrower should still compensate the lender for property losses, ultimately ruling to compensate 199,600 yuan based on the cost price at which the lender purchased the virtual currency.

According to SolanaFloor, the supply of tokenized equity on the Solana chain has reached a historic high, with the scale of tokenized equity deposited in lending protocols also hitting a new high of $60 million. $NVDAx and $SPYx rank at the top by the number of holders.

According to Euronews, Taiwan's stock market surged by 59% in the first half of this year due to a spike in demand for AI hardware, with chip giants like TSMC being the main drivers. Driven by high return expectations, a large number of ordinary people borrowed money to enter the market through bank loans and mortgage properties, with the scale of margin trading increasing by nearly 20% compared to the first half of the year.Some investors have made substantial profits, such as Mr. Chen, a real estate practitioner, who borrowed 5 million New Taiwan dollars and quadrupled his assets within six months; however, others have suffered significant losses, with one anonymous user claiming to have invested over 10 million New Taiwan dollars (including 6 million in mortgage loans) and lost nearly half, even experiencing mental health issues.Taiwan's Financial Supervisory Commission stated that the overall credit risk remains within a controllable range and has released videos on social media to warn young investors about the risks of loan defaults.

According to CNBC, Gemini Space Station won a legal victory in August, with arbitrators ruling that the cryptocurrency exchange platform did not mislead users and is not responsible for the collapse of its Earn lending program. The claim was made by a user of the digital asset company's lending program Earn at the end of 2024. According to the ruling, there was insufficient evidence to prove that Gemini lied to customers or was negligent in its due diligence with its main lending partner, Genesis Global Capital.The Earn program was launched in 2021, allowing users to earn up to 7.4% annualized returns by lending cryptocurrency. Under this program, Gemini lent assets to institutional borrowers, with Genesis acting as an intermediary. However, in November 2022, Gemini suspended withdrawals from the Earn program, angering some of its more than 300,000 users. This move came shortly after Genesis suspended new loan issuance and redemptions due to a liquidity crisis caused by the downturn in the cryptocurrency market that year. After the freeze on Earn withdrawals, several customers filed legal complaints against Gemini. The New York Attorney General also sued Gemini over the Earn program and reached a $50 million settlement with the company in 2024.In February 2024, Gemini announced that the company had reached a "principled settlement" with Genesis and other creditors regarding the Genesis bankruptcy case. Three months later, Earn users received $2.18 billion in digital assets in physical form, equivalent to 97% of the digital assets owed to Earn users, which is $1 billion more than when Genesis suspended withdrawals in 2022.

The Aave on-chain dashboard shows that V4 user deposits have reached $806 million, a 30% increase over 7 days, setting a new historical high. On August 19, deposits surpassed $500 million, on August 21 surpassed $600 million, and then within six days surpassed $800 million; on August 25, Ethereum V4 deposits alone exceeded $500 million.V4 active loans reached $206 million, with the EtherFi market having active loans of $62 million, and weETH collateral supporting WETH lending, with a utilization rate of 92%. The current market covers Ethereum, Optimism, and Avalanche deployments: Ethereum Core holds $378 million, EtherFi Cash on Optimism is $257 million, Ethereum Global Dollar is $75 million, Ethereum Prime is $63 million, Avalanche Core is $18 million, and Ethereum Plus is $15 million.In terms of deposit composition, weETH leads with $97 million, USDG $90 million, WETH and USDC each $81 million, liquidETH $77 million, liquidUSD $58 million, and WBTC $54 million. In comparison, V3 deposits reached $31 billion, while V4 replaces V3's market-per-pool design with a hub-and-spoke system.

The fixed-rate lending protocol TermMax (parent company Term Structure Labs) announced a strategic investment from YZi Labs, with the amount undisclosed. TermMax is a selected project in the YZi Labs incubation program EASY Residency for the third quarter. The protocol has raised over $8 million in total financing, with previous investors including lead investor Cumberland DRW from the 2023 seed round, as well as HashKey Capital, Decima Fund, Longling Capital, MZ Web3 Fund, and other institutions.The TermMax mainnet is set to launch in April 2025 and is currently deployed on 10 EVM-compatible chains, operating 60 fixed-rate markets and 40 strategy vaults, with a total locked value of tens of millions of dollars and over 1.5 million registered wallets. The protocol achieves fixed-rate lending by splitting debt into three tradable tokens: FT (zero-coupon bonds), XT (interest and option value), and GT (leverage position certificates), with settlement using physical delivery.Its token $TMX completed its TGE on August 25, with trading on the first day across platforms such as Binance Alpha, Kraken, Bitget, MEXC, and KuCoin. It is reported that TermMax will subsequently advance in three directions: on-chain yield curves, interest and options markets for tokenized stocks, and the institutional financing platform TermPrime.

On August 25, Galaxy launched the GalaxyOne Crypto Portfolio Line of Credit (PLOC) product for eligible U.S. customers. Users can pledge BTC, ETH, and SOL (including staked SOL) to borrow cash within a single revolving credit limit, without having to sell any crypto assets. The product has no initiation fees, features a variable annual interest rate of 8.99%, and a 50% initial loan-to-value ratio, meaning that $100,000 in pledged assets can borrow approximately $50,000.Galaxy stated that the value of the pledged assets will be continuously monitored, and warnings will be issued in advance if the assets decline; withdrawals are typically credited instantly, and funds can be used on the platform or withdrawn as USD and USDC stablecoins. The staked crypto assets will not be re-pledged or lent out, and staked SOL can continue to earn rewards while being used as collateral. Zac Prince, Managing Director of GalaxyOne, stated that with Galaxy's institutional infrastructure, they are able to launch this product with competitive rates, security, and flexibility.This product is offered by GalaxyOne Lending LLC in 40 states, excluding California, Delaware, Idaho, Indiana, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nevada, and South Dakota. This move is seen as an attempt to restart retail crypto lending on a regulated track after the collapses of Celsius, BlockFi, and Voyager in 2022, contrasting with the model of freezing customer funds and forced liquidations that year.

According to CoinDesk, Dallas Federal Reserve economists Rosie Levy and Srini Ramaswamy estimate that if depositors' sensitivity to interest rates increases by 10%, tokenized deposits could reduce U.S. banks' ability to bear long-term interest rate risk by about $700 billion; if tokenization leads to a 10% early outflow of deposits, banks would lose about $580 billion in risk absorption capacity.Tokenized deposits place commercial bank money on the blockchain, supporting programmable payments and real-time settlement, but smart contracts and AI agents could automate deposit transfers, weakening deposit stickiness. Banks can respond by raising deposit rates, increasing reserves and government bonds, or relying more on term debt, but this could drive up credit costs for consumers and businesses.Research from Brazil's instant payment network Pix shows that more frequent use of the system increases banks' holdings of liquid assets like government bonds while reducing credit intermediation. Currently, tokenized deposits are still in the early stages, with clearinghouses and U.S. banks such as Bank of America, Citibank, and Wells Fargo developing interoperable networks that support interbank clearing, automated workflows, and 24/7 settlement.

According to Cointelegraph, the deposit scale of the V4 version of the decentralized lending protocol Aave is approaching $750 million. In the past week, this version has attracted over $300 million in inflows, showing significant deposit growth.As a mainstream DeFi lending platform, Aave's V4 upgrade continues to receive market attention, and the recent net inflows reflect users' recognition of the protocol's liquidity and functionality.

According to on-chain analyst Ai Yi's monitoring, a certain whale withdrew 79,226.49 ETH from Binance between July and August 2026, worth approximately $140 million, with an average price of $1,776.83.Since August 19, this whale has deposited a total of 10,900 ETH into exchanges, worth $24.16 million, and if sold, would profit $4.817 million. The stablecoins obtained are used to repay Spark loans. Currently, this whale still has 47,900 wstETH and 1,200 WBTC staked, borrowing 83.67 million USDS, with a health ratio of 2.26.